Intonation
Intonation is the music of voice. When we speak, we produce variations of the basic tone. Such variations:
1) are not so wide as the ones we produce when we sing;
2) are mostly significant at the end of a "tone group", that is a group of words said in one breath between two pauses.
The sentence: "Quando abbiamo finito, sono andato subito a casa perché avevo fame" ( When we finished, I went home immediately because I was hungry) may consist of two tone groups separated by the pause represented by the comma, or of three tone groups if we insert another pause before "perché" (
because).
Pauses are not necessarily marked by punctuation - see
There are two main intonations or "tones":
1) a "falling tone"
normally found at the end of sentences or of complete sequences;
2) a "rising tone" before short, non-final pauses.
For example, when we count we have a rising tone after each number except the last: uno , due
, tre
, quattro
, cinque
.
Going back to the first example, the two options are:
"Quando abbiamo finito , sono andato subito a casa perché avevo fame
."
"Quando abbiamo finito , sono andato subito a casa
perché avevo fame
."
Questions
So far, It. and Eng. follow parallel lines. There are differences in interrogative sentences.
Both languages have a rising tone at the end of yes-no questions:
Vieni con noi ? (
Are you sing. coming with us
? )
In the case of or-questions, both languages have a rise after the first alternative and a fall after the second:
Vieni con noi o resti a casa
? (
Are you sing. coming with us
or staying at home
? )
There is a difference as regards wh-questions: they are usually said with a rising tone in It., while they are frequently said with a falling tone in Eng.: "Che cosa avete fatto dopo la partita ? (
What did you pl. do after the match
? )
Variations are possible: in Eng. a policeman will probably say "What's your name ?" with a falling tone as a routine, professional question. A boy who has started a conversation with a girl may say "What's your name
?" with a hopeful rising tone.
In It. a question said with a falling tone may become a command or express irritation: "Perché non mi ascolti ?" (
Why won't you sing. listen to me
?)
Exclamations
Like statements, exclamations have a falling tone but the voice rises higher than normal before falling.